" 0ZGDI{Bqf"aUsME1(uergPQy+o#yDE}8[ݹ7,LWNHH& A^um|q|;`xىƻӼ(UG r2Tَ+;.]=?[M=TZF?J^ wvT-iݷrA3fzHg/vPTY+>Ŭp[&nVJ p7)\RTݫZJYyH,<=sG[&}w|G;-ݷ6irf$C\Q<yZw)cOH#\&&W*BVKOR8`nzN B#AlL4B>Xt8b"-I\כcVrZ0A*sWrxXY"cA#$@}҆ eU @A8H^)A;UZW";B@1Bޗ0pT@ :B)m:ֳ U$ y~T(9q0%QNhA& D+pFY3*Հ AEsZmf+@4C@#=TGD{w|Mť#u`cnuO A쉹,ht `DI1 9?pt17o$`PB71 p?$RH1 V0Q>Qc-M?zZ!@"+$)X]?Vo"2_7q#Q,i5wh61r |g׹9C`"6>%T8Ft!i$wC˖$'Z-~%ClFXk$5Q!HV.li{ JIp^-|bR#!hs$;F8]k]\gp>u<#Mx/cZ,HU+ tYJdo8ͨm"@Fb%60MJ>,Sئ,1J1ˆouF q-lo͌hIXO$;;=H;ypUV{ pޠ:"R\'N1>(!MA{+nd}6C^z/ǿ|Wk;P})?b[;'SAV..4lQڶ'#Ӎ; llNR*jЅ{{5kI)6pe:R)6 d` RR3xb\G2{Ι ςQԛBvrn&8;gAKwh$zw4]ޢLWb.lu ZD[]w&TˠUD4Ly1Y^Bp 8Q| _]!S.{ & GaՄ@ HИٽ 5<I5u,ZXAD&5ڸiQvD`0}3 .DL[X[YC, @O J8G'@1DUA1c-Fڜ_ah%X֞<&F.FX1€锅T ќ9栄U՝HE eG/P^VM)5آW(C86խi%^ܘ nE1r3ҸG"#%\ !ɭ9E0ku@2(Ici($OE[I季]lF0 i(Aⷄ$Aq = DXUtu!tx $ƌF@F=~n}N hUXTZ|Q_%O$*bpyq&c)S+EGThe]aX du:ziނ!@@Կhѕ~lIX4|Ab@@%L%\%^j _oHG\ԍbHa2ڔՄvU.HCuDDM  ZGЃdB8-9qZh6b0SkfUl.n&]+P,^ )s:@kR֤|vW z82@A5Ÿu"@L;DhPLzB9|j}~ݶS lhAUiŁ&/n*n:gX ]y/G1`AxA؈JGL*LT⸇~$j#lҨ2itğbڹ Ԣ[.i`h$(w:A g U0π Iro0[D0 lrp&psp d,TeN:57\t}Ef 1 vy+8J_cKwv7Ur[&7 1#7 ;t1;DUjtuSXcND䤓@|7+[Tg[w Bːd5CVL+Live and efficient means of controlling the weeds?

4) If you're herbiciding, have you done your treatments stepwise (i.e., a little bit each year, moving out from the initial treatment area) or have you done the herbiciding all at once? It would be useful to hear how large the areas are that you are treating.

5) Finally, have you followed up with any planting of native plants or have they filled in the blank spots left when the weeds are killed? This ties in with question #4.

Any references you have, contacts we can call on, helpful hints or admonitions would be most welcome!

Name : John Johnson

Date : November 28, 2000

Topic : Native Vegetation

Message: Has anyone found Triglochin palustris growing in fens and seeps that have a peat soil as the primary substrate instead of a mineral soil substrate? What bird species has anyone noticed that frequent fens for food, shelter, or nesting? Is Phragmites communis invasion associated with greatly increased nutrient levels? If so, what are some of the solutions used to lower nutrient levels in fens?

Name : Tanya Crum
Date : 2/5/01
Topic : Ecology
Message: Hi. This web site is so helpful! Could anyone help to answer these questions for me? I've read through some web sites dealing with fen ecology, but some things are still a little unclear. Is a basin graminoid - forb fen a type of calcareous fen by definition? If not, what parameters define these two terms? Also, do you know of any sources of information that would allow me to determine if certain species of plants and fish are fen specific? Any information you have would be greatly appreciated!

Questions or Comments? Please contact Margie Barry at mmt1@lehigh.edu

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